#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 160-meter band?
1800 - 2000 kHz
1800 - 1900 kHz
1900 - 2000 kHz
1825 - 2000 kHz
;G1A02 (A) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 75/80-meter band (ITU Region 2)?
3525 - 3750 kHz and 3850 - 4000 kHz
3525 - 3775 kHz and 3875 - 4000 kHz
3525 - 3750 kHz and 3875 - 4000 kHz
3525 - 3775 kHz and 3850 - 4000 kHz
;G1A03 (D) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 40-meter band (ITU Region 2)?
7025 - 7150 kHz and 7225 - 7300 kHz
7025 - 7175 kHz and 7200 - 7300 kHz
7025 - 7175 kHz and 7225 - 7300 kHz
7025 - 7150 kHz and 7200 - 7300 kHz
;G1A04 (A) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 30-meter band?
10100 - 10150 kHz
10100 - 10175 kHz
10125 - 10150 kHz
10125 - 10175 kHz
;G1A05 (B) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 20-meter band?
14025 - 14150 kHz and 14225 - 14350 kHz
14025 - 14100 kHz and 14175 - 14350 kHz
14025 - 14125 kHz and 14200 - 14350 kHz
14025 - 14175 kHz and 14250 - 14350 kHz
;G1A06 (D) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 15-meter band?
21025 - 21200 kHz and 21300 - 21450 kHz
21025 - 21200 kHz and 21275 - 21450 kHz
21025 - 21150 kHz and 21300 - 21450 kHz
21025 - 21150 kHz and 21275 - 21450 kHz
;G1A07 (A) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 12-meter band?
24890 - 24990 kHz
24890 - 24975 kHz
24900 - 24990 kHz
24900 - 24975 kHz
;G1A08 (A) [97.301d]
#What are the frequency limits for General class operators in the 10-meter band?
28000 - 29700 kHz
28025 - 29700 kHz
28100 - 29600 kHz
28125 - 29600 kHz
;G1A09 (A) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 160-meter band for phone emissions?
1800 - 2000 kHz
1800 - 1900 kHz
1825 - 2000 kHz
1825 - 1900 kHz
;G1A10 (C) [97.305a]
#What are the frequency limits within the 80-meter band in ITU Region 2 for CW emissions?
3500 - 4000 kHz
3500 - 3750 kHz
3700 - 3750 kHz
3890 - 4000 kHz
;G1A11 (D) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 40-meter band in ITU Region 2 for image emissions?
7150 - 7300 kHz
7225 - 7300 kHz
7000 - 7150 kHz
7100 - 7150 kHz
;G1A12 (C) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 30-meter band for RTTY emissions?
10100 - 10150 kHz
10125 - 10150 kHz
10125 - 10140 kHz
10100 - 10140 kHz
;G1A13 (B) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 20-meter band for image emissions?
14150 - 14350 kHz
14025 - 14300 kHz
14025 - 14350 kHz
14150 - 14300 kHz
;G1A14 (C) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 15-meter band for image emissions?
21200 - 21450 kHz
21250 - 21300 kHz
21150 - 21450 kHz
21100 - 21300 kHz
;G1A15 (C) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 12-meter band for phone emissions?
24930 - 24990 kHz
24890 - 24990 kHz
24890 - 24930 kHz
Phone emissions are not permitted in this band
;G1A16 (C) [97.305c]
#What are the frequency limits within the 10-meter band for phone emissions?
28300 - 29700 kHz
28000 - 28300 kHz
29000 - 29700 kHz
28000 - 29000 kHz
;G1A17 (B) [97.119d]
#As a General class control operator at a Novice station, how must you identify your station when transmitting on 7250 kHz?
With the Novice call sign, followed by the slant bar "/" (or any suitable word) and your own call sign
With your call sign, followed by the word "controlling" and the Novice call sign
With your call sign, followed by the slant bar "/" (or any suitable word) and the Novice call sign
A Novice station should not be operated on 7250 kHz, even with a General control operator
;G1A18 (D) [97.205a]
#Under what circumstances may a 10-meter repeater retransmit the 2-meter signal from a Technician class operator?
Only if the 10-meter control operator holds at least a General class license
Under no circumstances
Only if the station on 10 meters is operating under a Special Temporary Authorization allowing such retransmission
Only during an FCC-declared general state of communications emergency
;G1A19 (A) [97.3a35]
#What kind of amateur station automatically retransmits the signals of other stations?
Repeater station
Space station
Telecommand station
Relay station
;G1A20 (B) [97.3a21]
#What name is given to a form of interference that seriously degrades, obstructs or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service?
Harmful interference
Intentional interference
Adjacent interference
Disruptive interference
;G1A21 (C) [97.115, 97.117]
#What types of messages may be transmitted by an amateur station to a foreign country for a third party?
Messages of a technical nature or remarks of a personal character
Messages for which the amateur operator is paid
Messages facilitating the business affairs of any party
No messages may be transmitted to foreign countries for third parties
;G1B Antenna structure limitations; good engineering and good amateur practice; beacon operation; restricted operation; retransmitting radio signals
;G1B01 (C) [97.15a]
#Up to what height above the ground may you install an antenna structure without needing FCC approval?
200 feet
50 feet
100 feet
300 feet
;G1B02 (B) [97.101a]
#If the FCC Rules DO NOT specifically cover a situation, how must you operate your amateur station?
In accordance with good engineering and good amateur practice
In accordance with general licensee operator principles
In accordance with practices adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
In accordance with procedures set forth by the International Amateur Radio Union
;G1B03 (B) [97.203g]
#Which type of station may transmit one-way communications?
Beacon station
Repeater station
HF station
VHF station
;G1B04 (A) [97.113c]
#Which of the following does NOT need to be true if an amateur station gathers news information for broadcast purposes?
The information is more quickly transmitted by amateur radio
The information must involve the immediate safety of life of individuals or the immediate protection of property
The information must be directly related to the event
The information cannot be transmitted by other means
;G1B05 (D) [97.113e]
#Under what limited circumstances may music be transmitted by an amateur station?
When it is an incidental part of a space shuttle retransmission
When it produces no dissonances or spurious emissions
When it is used to jam an illegal transmission
When it is transmitted on frequencies above 1215 MHz
;G1B06 (C) [97.113d]
#When may an amateur station in two-way communication transmit a message in a secret code in order to obscure the meaning of the communication?
Never
When transmitting above 450 MHz
During contests
During a declared communications emergency
;G1B07 (B) [97.113d]
#What are the restrictions on the use of abbreviations or procedural signals in the amateur service?
They may be used if they do not obscure the meaning of a message
There are no restrictions
They are not permitted because they obscure the meaning of a message to FCC monitoring stations
Only "10-codes" are permitted
;G1B08 (A) [97.113d]
#When are codes or ciphers permitted in two-way domestic amateur communications?
Never
During contests
During nationally declared emergencies
On frequencies above 2.3 GHz
;G1B09 (A) [97.113d]
#When are codes or ciphers permitted in two-way international amateur communications?
Never
During contests
During internationally declared emergencies
On frequencies above 2.3 GHz
;G1B10 (D) [97.113d]
#Which of the following amateur transmissions is NOT prohibited by the FCC Rules?
Retransmission of space shuttle communications
The playing of music
The use of obscene or indecent words
False or deceptive messages or signals
;G1B11 (C) [97.113d/e]
#What should you do to keep your station from retransmitting music or signals from a non-amateur station?
Turn down the volume of background audio
Turn up the volume of your transceiver
Speak closer to the microphone to increase your signal strength
Adjust your transceiver noise blanker
;G1C Transmitter power standards; type acceptance of external RF-power amplifiers; standards for type acceptance of external RF-power amplifiers; HF data emission standards
;G1C01 (A) [97.313c1]
#What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 3690 kHz?
200 watts PEP output
1000 watts PEP output
1500 watts PEP output
2000 watts PEP output
;G1C02 (C) [97.313b]
#What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 7080 kHz?
1500 watts PEP output
200 watts PEP output
1000 watts PEP output
2000 watts PEP output
;G1C03 (A) [97.313c1]
#What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 10.140 MHz?
200 watts PEP output
1000 watts PEP output
1500 watts PEP output
2000 watts PEP output
;G1C04 (A) [97.313c1]
#What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 21.150 MHz?
200 watts PEP output
1000 watts PEP output
1500 watts PEP output
2000 watts PEP output
;G1C05 (C) [97.313b]
#What is the maximum transmitting power an amateur station may use on 24.950 MHz?
1500 watts PEP output
200 watts PEP output
1000 watts PEP output
2000 watts PEP output
;G1C06 (D) [97.315a]
#External RF power amplifiers designed to operate below what frequency may require FCC type acceptance?
144 MHz
28 MHz
35 MHz
50 MHz
;G1C07 (B) [97.315a]
#Without a grant of FCC type acceptance, how many external RF amplifiers of a given design capable of operation below 144 MHz may you build or modify in one calendar year?
1
None
5
10
;G1C08 (B) [97.317c6i]
#Which of the following standards must be met if FCC type acceptance of an external RF amplifier is required?
The amplifier must not be capable of reaching its designed output power when driven with less than 50 watts
The amplifier must not be able to amplify a 28-MHz signal to more than ten times the input power
The amplifier must not be able to be operated for more than ten minutes without a time delay circuit
The amplifier must not be able to be modified by an amateur operator
;G1C09 (D) [97.317b/c]
#Which of the following would NOT disqualify an external RF power amplifier from being granted FCC type acceptance?
The capability of being switched by the operator to all amateur frequencies below 24 MHz
The capability of being modified by the operator for use outside the amateur bands
The capability of achieving full output power when driven with less than 50 watts
The capability of achieving full output power on amateur frequencies between 24 and 35 MHz
;G1C10 (A) [97.307f3]
#What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for packet emissions below 28 MHz?
300 bauds
1200 bauds
19.6 kilobauds
56 kilobauds
;G1C11 (D) [97.307f3]
#What is the maximum symbol rate permitted for RTTY emissions below 28 MHz?
300 bauds
56 kilobauds
19.6 kilobauds
1200 bauds
;G1D Examination element preparation; examination administration; temporary station identification
;G1D01 (B) [97.507a2]
#What telegraphy examination elements may you prepare if you hold a General class license?
Element 1A only
None
Element 1B only
Elements 1A and 1B
;G1D02 (C) [97.507a2&3]
#What written examination elements may you prepare if you hold a General class license?
Elements 2 and 3A
None
Element 2 only
Elements 2, 3A and 3B
;G1D03 (C) [97.511b1]
#What license examinations may you administer if you hold a General class license?
Novice and Technician
None
Novice only
Novice, Technician and General
;G1D04 (B) [97.501e]
#What minimum examination elements must an applicant pass for a Novice license?
Elements 1A and 2
Element 2 only
Elements 2 and 3A
Elements 1A, 2 and 3A
;G1D05 (C) [97.501d]
#What minimum examination elements must an applicant pass for a Technician license?
Elements 2 and 3A
Element 2 only
Elements 1A and 2
Elements 1A, 2 and 3A
;G1D06 (D) [97.301e/501d]
#What minimum examination elements must an applicant pass for a Technician license with HF privileges?
Elements 1A, 2 and 3A
Element 2 only
Elements 1A and 2
Elements 2 and 3A
;G1D07 (A) [97.511a/b]
#What are the requirements for administering Novice examinations?
Three VEC-accredited General class or higher VEs must be present
Two VEC-accredited General class or higher VEs must be present
Two General class or higher VEs must be present, but only one need be VEC accredited
Any two General class or higher VEs must be present
;G1D08 (D) [97.507a]
#When may you participate as an administering Volunteer Examiner (VE) for a Novice license examination?
Once you have received both your FCC-issued General class or higher license in the mail and VEC accreditation
Once you have notified the FCC that you want to give an examination
Once you have a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General class
Once you have prepared telegraphy and written examinations for the Novice license, or obtained them from a qualified supplier
;G1D09 (B) [97.119e2]
#If you are a Technician licensee with a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General privileges, how do you identify your station when transmitting on 14.035 MHz?
You must give your call sign, followed by the slant mark "/", followed by the identifier "AG"
You must give your call sign and the location of the VE examination where you obtained the CSCE
You may not operate on 14.035 MHz until your new license arrives
No special form of identification is needed
;G1D10 (C) [97.119e2]
#If you are a Technician licensee with a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General privileges, how do you identify your station when transmitting phone emissions on 14.325 MHz?
You must give your call sign, followed by any suitable word that denotes the slant mark and the identifier "AG"
No special form of identification is needed
You may not operate on 14.325 MHz until your new license arrives
You must give your call sign and the location of the VE examination where you obtained the CSCE
;G1D11 (A) [97.119e2]
#If you are a Technician licensee with a Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE) for General privileges, when must you add the special identifier "AG" after your call sign?
Whenever you operate using your new frequency privileges
Whenever you operate
Whenever you operate using Technician frequency privileges
A special identifier is not required as long as your General class license application has been filed with the FCC
;G2A Phone, RTTY, repeater, VOX and full break-in CW
;G2A01 (A)
#Which sideband is commonly used for 20-meter phone operation?
Upper
Lower
Amplitude compandored
Double
;G2A02 (B)
#Which sideband is commonly used on 3925-kHz for phone operation?
Lower
Upper
Amplitude compandored
Double
;G2A03 (A)
#In what segment of the 80-meter band do most RTTY transmissions take place?
3610 - 3630 kHz
3500 - 3525 kHz
3700 - 3750 kHz
3775 - 3825 kHz
;G2A04 (B)
#In what segment of the 20-meter band do most RTTY transmissions take place?
14.075 - 14.100 MHz
14.000 - 14.050 MHz
14.150 - 14.225 MHz
14.275 - 14.350 MHz
;G2A05 (C)
#What is the Baudot code?
A 5-bit code, with additional start and stop bits
A 7-bit code, with start, stop and parity bits
A 7-bit code in which each character has four mark and three space bits
A 6-bit code, with additional start, stop and parity bits
;G2A06 (A)
#What is ASCII?
A 7-bit code, with additional start, stop and parity bits
A 7-bit code in which each character has four mark and three space bits
A 5-bit code, with additional start and stop bits
A 5-bit code in which each character has three mark and two space bits
;G2A07 (B)
#What is the most common frequency shift for RTTY emissions in the amateur HF bands?
170 Hz
85 Hz
425 Hz
850 Hz
;G2A08 (B)
#What are the two major AMTOR operating modes?
Mode A (ARQ) and Mode B (FEC)
Mode AM and Mode TR
Mode C (CRQ) and Mode D (DEC)
Mode SELCAL and Mode LISTEN
;G2A09 (A)
#What is the usual input/output frequency separation for a 10-meter station in repeater operation?
100 kHz
600 kHz
1.6 MHz
170 Hz
;G2A10 (B)
#What is the circuit called which causes a transmitter to automatically transmit when an operator speaks into its microphone?
VOX
VXO
VCO
VFO
;G2A11 (D)
#Which of the following describes full break-in telegraphy?
Incoming signals are received between transmitted key pulses
Breaking stations send the Morse code prosign BK
Automatic keyers are used to send Morse code instead of hand keys
An operator must activate a manual send/receive switch before and after every transmission
;G2B Operating courtesy, antenna orientation and HF operations, including logging practices; ITU Regions
;G2B01 (D)
#If you are the net control station of a daily HF net, what should you do if the frequency on which you normally meet is in use just before the net begins?
Conduct the net on a frequency 3 to 5 kHz away from the regular net frequency
Reduce your output power and start the net as usual
Increase your power output so that net participants will be able to hear you over the existing activity
Cancel the net for that day
;G2B02 (A)
#If a net is about to begin on a frequency which you and another station are using, what should you do?
As a courtesy to the net, move to a different frequency
Increase your power output to ensure that all net participants can hear you
Transmit as long as possible on the frequency so that no other stations may use it
Turn off your radio
;G2B03 (D)
#If propagation changes during your contact and you notice increasing interference from other activity on the same frequency, what should you do?
Move your contact to another frequency
Tell the interfering stations to change frequency, since you were there first
Report the interference to your local Amateur Auxiliary Coordinator
Turn on your amplifier to overcome the interference
;G2B04 (B)
#When selecting a CW transmitting frequency, what minimum frequency separation from a contact in progress should you allow to minimize interference?
150 to 500 Hz
5 to 50 Hz
1 to 3 kHz
3 to 6 kHz
;G2B05 (B)
#When selecting a single-sideband phone transmitting frequency, that minimum frequency separation from a contact in progress should you allow (between suppressed carriers) to minimize interference?
Approximately 3 kHz
150 to 500 Hz
Approximately 6 kHz
Approximately 10 kHz
;G2B06 (B)
#When selecting a RTTY transmitting frequency, what minimum frequency separation from a contact in progress should you allow (center to center) to minimize interference?
250 to 500 Hz
60 Hz
Approximately 3 kHz
Approximately 6 kHz
;G2B07 (B)
#What is an azimuthal map?
A map projection centered on a particular location, used to determine the shortest path between points on the surface of the earth
A map projection centered on the North Pole
A map that shows the angle at which an amateur satellite crosses the equator
A map that shows the number of degrees longitude that an amateur satellite appears to move westward at the equator with each orbit
;G2B08 (A)
#What is the most useful type of map to use when orienting a directional HF antenna toward a distant station?
Azimuthal
Mercator
Polar projection
Topographical
;G2B09 (C)
#A directional antenna pointed in the long-path direction to another station is generally oriented how many degrees from its short-path heading?
180 degrees
45 degrees
90 degrees
270 degrees
;G2B10 (A)
#What is a band plan?
A guideline for using different operating modes within an amateur band
A guideline for deviating from FCC amateur frequency band allocations
A plan of operating schedules within an amateur band published by the FCC
A plan devised by a club to best use a frequency band during a contest
;G2B11 (B)
#In which International Telecommunication Union Region is the continental United States?
Region 2
Region 1
Region 3
Region 4
;2C Emergencies, including drills, communications and amateur auxiliary to FOB
;G2C01 (C)
#What means may an amateur station in distress use to attract attention, make known its condition and location, and obtain assistance?
Any means of radiocommunication
Only Morse code signals sent on internationally recognized emergency channels
Any means of radiocommunication, but only on internationally recognized emergency channels
Only those means of radiocommunication for which the station is licensed
;G2C02 (A)
#During a disaster in the US, when may an amateur station make transmissions necessary to meet essential communication needs and assist relief operations?
When normal communication systems are overloaded, damaged or disrupted
Only when the local RACES net is activated
Never; only official emergency stations may transmit in a disaster
When normal communication systems are working but are not convenient
;G2C03 (A)
#If a disaster disrupts normal communications in your area, what may the FCC do?
Declare a temporary state of communication emergency
Temporarily seize your equipment for use in disaster communications
Order all stations across the country to stop transmitting at once
Nothing until the President declares the area a disaster area
;G2C04 (D)
#If a disaster disrupts normal communications in an area, what would the FCC include in any notice of a temporary state of communication emergency?
Any special conditions and special rules to be observed by stations during the emergency
Any additional test questions needed for the licensing of amateur emergency communications workers
A list of organizations authorized to temporarily seize your equipment for disaster communications
Any special conditions requiring the use of non-commercial power systems
;G2C05 (D)
#During an emergency, what power output limitations must be observed by a station in distress?
There are no limitations during an emergency
200 watts PEP
1500 watts PEP
1000 watts PEP during daylight hours, reduced to 200 watts PEP during the night
;G2C06 (C)
#During a disaster in the US, what frequencies may be used to obtain assistance?
Any frequency
Only frequencies in the 80-meter band
Only frequencies in the 40-meter band
Any United Nations approved frequency
;G2C07 (B)
#If you are communicating with another amateur station and hear a station in distress break in, what should you do?
Acknowledge the station in distress and determine its location and what assistance may be needed
Continue your communication because you were on frequency first
Change to a different frequency so the station in distress may have a clear channel to call for assistance
Immediately cease all transmissions because stations in distress have emergency rights to the frequency
;G2C08 (A)
#Why do stations in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) participate in training tests and drills?
To practice orderly and efficient operations for the civil defense organization they serve
To ensure that members attend monthly on-the-air meetings
To ensure that RACES members are able to conduct tests and drills
To acquaint members of RACES with other members they may meet in an emergency
;G2C09 (C)
#What type of messages may be transmitted to an amateur station in a foreign country?
Messages of a technical nature or personal remarks of relative unimportance
Messages of any type
Messages that are not religious, political, or patriotic in nature
Messages of any type, but only if the foreign country has a third-party communications agreement with the US
;G2C10 (A)
#What is the Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC's Field Operations Bureau?
Amateur volunteers who are formally enlisted to monitor the airwaves for rules violations
Amateur volunteers who conduct amateur licensing examinations
Amateur volunteers who conduct frequency coordination for amateur VHF repeaters
Amateur volunteers who use their station equipment to help civil defense organizations in times of emergency
;G2C11 (B)
#What are the objectives of the Amateur Auxiliary to the FCC's Field Operations Bureau?
To encourage amateur self-regulation and compliance with the rules
To conduct efficient and orderly amateur licensing examinations
To coordinate repeaters for efficient and orderly spectrum usage
To provide emergency and public safety communications
;G3A Ionospheric disturbances; sunspots and solar radiation
;G3A01 (A)
#What can be done at an amateur station to continue communications during a sudden ionospheric disturbance?
Try a higher frequency
Try the other sideband
Try a different antenna polarization
Try a different frequency shift
;G3A02 (B)
#What effect does a sudden ionospheric disturbance have on the daylight ionospheric propagation of HF radio waves?
It disrupts signals on lower frequencies more than those on higher frequencies
It disrupts higher-latitude paths more than lower-latitude paths
It disrupts communications via satellite more than direct communications
None, only areas on the night side of the earth are affected
;G3A03 (C)
#How long does it take the increased ultraviolet and X-ray radiation from solar flares to affect radio-wave propagation on the earth?
8 minutes
The effect is instantaneous
1.5 seconds
20 to 40 hours
;G3A04 (B)
#What is solar flux?
The radio energy emitted by the sun
The density of the sun's magnetic field
The number of sunspots on the side of the sun facing the earth
A measure of the tilt of the earth's ionosphere on the side toward the sun
;G3A05 (D)
#What is the solar-flux index?
A measure of solar activity that is taken at a specific frequency
A measure of solar activity that is taken annually
A measure of solar activity that compares daily readings with results from the last six months
Another name for the American sunspot number
;G3A06 (D)
#What is a geomagnetic disturbance?
A dramatic change in the earth's magnetic field over a short period of time
A sudden drop in the solar-flux index
A shifting of the earth's magnetic pole
Ripples in the ionosphere
;G3A07 (A)
#At which latitudes are propagation paths more sensitive to geomagnetic disturbances?
Those greater than 45 degrees latitude
Those between 5 and 45 degrees latitude
Those near the equator
All paths are affected equally
;G3A08 (B)
#What can be the effect of a major geomagnetic storm on radio-wave propagation?
Degraded high-latitude HF propagation
Improved high-latitude HF propagation
Improved ground-wave propagation
Improved chances of UHF ducting
;G3A09 (A)
#What influences all radio communication beyond ground-wave or line-of-sight ranges?
Solar activity
Lunar tidal effects
The F1 region of the ionosphere
The F2 region of the ionosphere
;G3A10 (B)
#Which two types of radiation from the sun influence propagation?
Electromagnetic and particle emissions
Subaudible- and audio-frequency emissions
Polar-region and equatorial emissions
Infrared and gamma-ray emissions
;G3A11 (C)
#When sunspot numbers are high, how is the ionosphere affected?
Frequencies up to 40 MHz or higher are normally usable for long-distance communication
High-frequency radio signals are absorbed
Frequencies up to 100 MHz or higher are normally usable for long-distance communication
High-frequency radio signals become weak and distorted
;G3B Maximum usable frequency, propagation "hops"
;G3B01 (B)
#If the maximum usable frequency on the path from Minnesota to France is 22 MHz, which band should offer the best chance for a successful contact?
15 meters
10 meters
20 meters
40 Meters
;G3B02 (C)
#If the maximum usable frequency on the path from Ohio to Germany is 17 MHz, which band should offer the best chance for a successful contact?
20 meters
80 meters
40 meters
2 meters
;G3B03 (C)
#If the maximum usable frequency (MUF) is high and HF radio-wave propagation is generally good for several days, a similar condition can usually be expected how many days later?
28
7
14
90
;G3B04 (A)
#What is one way to determine if the maximum usable frequency (MUF) is high enough to support 28-MHz propagation between your station and western Europe?
Listen for signals on the 10-meter beacon frequency
Listen for signals on the 20-meter beacon frequency
Listen for signals on the 39-meter broadcast frequency
Listen for WWVH time signals on 20 MHz
;G3B05 (A)
#What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the maximum usable frequency (MUF) when they are sent into the ionosphere?
They are bent back to the earth
They pass through the ionosphere
They are completely absorbed by the ionosphere
They are changed to a frequency above the MUF
;G3B06 (C)
#Where would you tune to hear beacons that would help you determine propagation conditions on the 20-meter band?
14.1 MHz
28.2 MHz
21.1 MHz
14.2 MHz
;G3B07 (D)
#During periods of low solar activity, which frequencies are the least reliable for long-distance communication?
Frequencies above 20 MHz
Frequencies below 3.5 MHz
Frequencies near 3.5 MHz
Frequencies on or above 10 MHz
;G3B08 (D)
#At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-meter band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours?
At any point in the solar cycle
At the summer solstice
Only at the maximum point of the solar cycle
Only at the minimum point of the solar cycle
;G3B09 (A)
#What is one characteristic of gray-line propagation?
It is very efficient
It improves local communications
It is very poor
It increases D-region absorption
;G3B10 (C)
#What is the maximum distance along the earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the F2 region?
2500 miles
180 miles
1200 miles
None; the F2 region does not support radio-wave propagation
;G3B11 (B)
#What is the maximum distance along the earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the E region?
1200 miles
180 miles
2500 miles
None; the E region does not support radio-wave propagation
;G3C Height of ionospheric regions, critical angle and frequency, HF scatter
;G3C01 (B)
#What is the average height of maximum ionization of the E region?
70 miles
45 miles
200 miles
1200 miles
;G3C02 (A)
#When can the F2 region be expected to reach its maximum height at your location?
At noon during the summer
At midnight during the summer
At dusk in the spring and fall
At noon during the winter
;G3C03 (C)
#Why is the F2 region mainly responsible for the longest-distance radio-wave propagation?
Because it is the highest ionospheric region
Because it exists only at night
Because it is the lowest ionospheric region
Because it does not absorb radio waves as much as other ionospheric regions
;G3C04 (D)
#What is the "critical angle" as used in radio-wave propagation?
The highest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to the earth under specific ionospheric conditions
The lowest takeoff angle that will return a radio wave to the earth under specific ionospheric conditions
The compass direction of a distant station
The compass direction opposite that of a distant station
;G3C05 (C)
#What is the main reason the 160-, 80- and 40-meter amateur bands tend to be useful only for short-distance communications during daylight hours?
Because of D-region absorption
Because of a lack of activity
Because of auroral propagation
Because of magnetic flux
;G3C06 (B)
#What is a characteristic of HF scatter signals?
A wavering sound
High intelligibility
Reversed modulation
Reversed sidebands
;G3C07 (D)
#What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted?
Energy scattered into the skip zone through several radio-wave paths
Auroral activity and changes in the earth's magnetic field
Propagation through ground waves that absorb much of the signal
The state of the E-region at the point of refraction
;G3C08 (A)
#Why are HF scatter signals usually weak?
Only a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zone
Auroral activity absorbs most of the signal energy
Propagation through ground waves absorbs most of the signal energy
The F region of the ionosphere absorbs most of the signal energy
;G3C09 (B)
#What type of radio-wave propagation allows a signal to be detected at a distance too far for ground-wave propagation but too near for normal sky-wave propagation?
Scatter
Ground wave
Sporadic-E skip
Short-path skip
;G3C10 (D)
#When does scatter propagation on the HF bands most often occur?
When communicating on frequencies above the maximum usable frequency (MUF)
When the sunspot cycle is at a minimum and D-region absorption is high
At night
When the F1 and F2 regions are combined
;G3C11 (A)
#What type of signal fading occurs when two or more parts of a radio wave follow different paths?
#What kind of input signal is used to test the amplitude linearity of a single-sideband phone transmitter while viewing the output on an oscilloscope?
Two audio-frequency sine waves
Normal speech
An audio-frequency sine wave
An audio-frequency square wave
;G4A02 (C)
#When testing the amplitude linearity of a single-sideband transmitter, what kind of audio tones are fed into the microphone input and on what kind of instrument is the output observed?
Two non-harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on an oscilloscope
Two harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on an oscilloscope
Two harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on a distortion analyzer
Two non-harmonically related tones are fed in, and the output is observed on a distortion analyzer
;G4A03 (D)
#What audio frequencies are used in a two-tone test of the linearity of a single-sideband phone transmitter?
Any two audio tones may be used, but they must be within the transmitter audio passband, and should not be harmonically related
20 Hz and 20 kHz tones must be used
1200 Hz and 2400 Hz tones must be used
Any two audio tones may be used, but they must be within the transmitter audio passband, and must be harmonically related
;G4A04 (D)
#What measurement can be made of a single-sideband phone transmitter's amplifier by performing a two-tone test using an oscilloscope?
Its linearity
Its percent of frequency modulation
Its percent of carrier phase shift
Its frequency deviation
;G4A05 (A)
#At what point in an HF transceiver block diagram would an electronic TR switch normally appear?
Between the transmitter and low-pass filter
Between the low-pass filter and antenna
At the antenna feed point
At the power-supply feed point
;G4A06 (C)
#Why is an electronic TR switch preferable to a mechanical one?
It has a higher operating speed
It allows greater receiver sensitivity
Its circuitry is simpler
It allows cleaner output signals
;G4A07 (A)
#As a power amplifier is tuned, what reading on its grid-current meter indicates the best neutralization?
A minimum change in grid current as the output circuit is changed
A maximum change in grid current as the output circuit is changed
Minimum grid current
Maximum grid current
;G4A08 (D)
#Why is neutralization necessary for some vacuum-tube amplifiers?
To cancel oscillation caused by the effects of interelectrode capacitance
To reduce the limits of loaded Q
To reduce grid-to-cathode leakage
To cancel AC hum from the filament transformer
;G4A09 (C)
#In a properly neutralized RF amplifier, what type of feedback is used?
Negative
5%
10%
Positive
;G4A10 (B)
#What does a neutralizing circuit do in an RF amplifier?
It cancels the effects of positive feedback
It controls differential gain
It eliminates AC hum from the power supply
It reduces incidental grid modulation
;G4A11 (B)
#What is the reason for neutralizing the final amplifier stage of a transmitter?
To eliminate self oscillations
To limit the modulation index
To cut off the final amplifier during standby periods
To keep the carrier on frequency
;G4B Test equipment: oscilloscope; signal tracer; antenna noise bridge; monitoring oscilloscope; field-strength meters
;G4B01 (D)
#What item of test equipment contains horizontal- and vertical-channel amplifiers?
An oscilloscope
An ohmmeter
A signal generator
An ammeter
;G4B02 (D)
#How would a signal tracer normally be used?
To identify an inoperative stage in a receiver
To identify the source of radio transmissions
To make exact drawings of signal waveforms
To show standing wave patterns on open-wire feed lines
;G4B03 (B)
#Why would you use an antenna noise bridge?
To measure the impedance of an antenna or other electrical circuit
To measure the noise figure of an antenna or other electrical circuit
To cancel electrical noise picked up by an antenna
To tune out noise in a receiver
;G4B04 (C)
#How is an antenna noise bridge normally used?
It is connected between a receiver and an unknown impedance and is tuned for minimum noise
It is connected at an antenna's feed point and reads the antenna's noise figure
It is connected between a transmitter and an antenna and is tuned for minimum SWR
It is connected between an antenna and ground and is tuned for minimum SWR
;G4B05 (A)
#What is the best instrument to use to check the signal quality of a CW or single-sideband phone transmitter?
A monitoring oscilloscope
A field-strength meter
A sidetone monitor
A signal tracer and an audio amplifier
;G4B06 (D)
#What signal source is connected to the vertical input of a monitoring oscilloscope when checking the quality of a transmitted signal?
The RF output of the transmitter
The IF output of a monitoring receiver
The audio input of the transmitter
The RF signals of a nearby receiving antenna
;G4B07 (A)
#What instrument can be used to determine the horizontal radiation pattern of an antenna?
A field-strength meter
A grid-dip meter
An oscilloscope
A signal tracer and an audio amplifier
;G4B08 (C)
#How is a field-strength meter normally used?
To monitor relative RF output
To determine the standing-wave ratio on a transmission line
To check the output modulation of a transmitter
To increase average transmitter output
;G4B09 (A)
#What simple instrument may be used to monitor relative RF output during antenna and transmitter adjustments?
A field-strength meter
An antenna noise bridge
A multimeter
A metronome
;G4B10 (B)
#If the power output of a transmitter is increased by four times, how might a nearby receiver's S-meter reading change?
Increase by approximately one S unit
Decrease by approximately one S unit
Increase by approximately four S units
Decrease by approximately four S units
;G4B11 (C)
#By how many times must the power output of a transmitter be increased to raise the S-meter reading on a nearby receiver from S8 to S9?
Approximately 4 times
Approximately 2 times
Approximately 3 times
Approximately 5 times
;G4C Audio rectification in consumer electronics, RF ground
;G4C01 (B)
#What devices would you install to reduce or eliminate audio-frequency interference to home-entertainment systems?
Bypass capacitors
Bypass inductors
Metal-oxide varistors
Bypass resistors
;G4C02 (B)
#What should be done if a properly operating amateur station is the cause of interference to a nearby telephone?
Ask the telephone company to install RFI filters
Make internal adjustments to the telephone equipment
Stop transmitting whenever the telephone is in use
Ground and shield the local telephone distribution amplifier
;G4C03 (C)
#What sound is heard from a public-address system if audio rectification of a nearby single-sideband phone transmission occurs?
Distorted speech from the transmitter's signals
A steady hum whenever the transmitter's carrier is on the air
On-and-off humming or clicking
Clearly audible speech from the transmitter's signals
;G4C04 (A)
#What sound is heard from a public-address system if audio rectification of a nearby CW transmission occurs?
On-and-off humming or clicking
Audible, possibly distorted speech
Muffled, severely distorted speech
A steady whistling
;G4C05 (C)
#How can you minimize the possibility of audio rectification of your transmitter's signals?
By ensuring that all station equipment is properly grounded
By using a solid-state transmitter
By using CW emission only
By installing bypass capacitors on all power supply rectifiers
;G4C06 (D)
#If your third-floor amateur station has a ground wire running 33 feet down to a ground rod, why might you get an RF burn if you touch the front panel of your HF transceiver?
Because the ground wire is a resonant length on several HF bands and acts more like an antenna than an RF ground connection
Because the ground rod is not making good contact with moist earth
Because the transceiver's heat-sensing circuit is not working to start the cooling fan
Because of a bad antenna connection, allowing the RF energy to take an easier path out of the transceiver through you
;G4C07 (A)
#What is NOT an important reason to have a good station ground?
To reduce the cost of operating a station
To reduce electrical noise
To reduce interference
To reduce the possibility of electric shock
;G4C08 (A)
#What is one good way to avoid stray RF energy in your amateur station?
Keep the station's ground wire as short as possible
Use a beryllium ground wire for best conductivity
Drive the ground rod at least 14 feet into the ground
Make a couple of loops in the ground wire where it connects to your station
;G4C09 (B)
#Which statement about station grounding is NOT true?
Only transceivers and power amplifiers need to be tied into a station ground
Braid from RG-213 coaxial cable makes a good conductor to tie station equipment together into a station ground
According to the National Electrical Code, there should be only one grounding system in a building
The minimum length for a good ground rod is 8 feet
;G4C10 (C)
#Which statement about station grounding is true?
RF hot spots can occur in a station located above the ground floor if the equipment is grounded by a long ground wire
The chassis of each piece of station equipment should be tied together with high-impedance conductors
If the chassis of all station equipment is connected with a good conductor, there is no need to tie them to an earth ground
A ground loop is an effective way to ground station equipment
;G4C11 (D)
#Which of the following is NOT covered in the National Electrical Code?
The RF exposure limits of the human body
Minimum conductor sizes for different lengths of amateur antennas
The size and composition of grounding conductors
Electrical safety inside the ham shack
;G4D Speech processors; PEP calculations; wire sizes and fuses
;G4D01 (D)
#What is the reason for using a properly adjusted speech processor with a single-sideband phone transmitter?
It improves signal intelligibility at the receiver
It reduces average transmitter power requirements
It reduces unwanted noise pickup from the microphone
It improves voice frequency fidelity
;G4D02 (B)
#If a single-sideband phone transmitter is 100% modulated, what will a speech processor do to the transmitter's power?
It will add nothing to the output PEP
It will increase the output PEP
It will decrease the peak power output
It will decrease the average power output
;G4D03 (B)
#How is the output PEP of a transmitter calculated if an oscilloscope is used to measure the transmitter's peak load voltage across a resistive load?
PEP = [(0.707 PEV)(0.707 PEV)] / RL
PEP = [(Vp)(Vp)] / (RL)
PEP = (Vp)(Vp)(RL)
PEP = [(1.414 PEV)(1.414 PEV)] / RL
;G4D04 (A)
#What is the output PEP from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 200 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm resistor connected to the transmitter output?
100 watts
200 watts
400 watts
1000 watts
;G4D05 (B)
#What is the output PEP from a transmitter if an oscilloscope measures 500 volts peak-to-peak across a 50-ohm resistor connected to the transmitter output?
625 watts
500 watts
1250 watts
2500 watts
;G4D06 (B)
#What is the output PEP of an unmodulated carrier transmitter if an average-reading wattmeter connected to the transmitter output indicates 1060 watts?
1060 watts
530 watts
1500 watts
2120 watts
;G4D07 (A)
#Which wires in a four-conductor line cord should be attached to fuses in a 240-VAC primary (single phase) power supply?
Only the "hot" (black and red) wires
Only the "neutral" (white) wire
Only the ground (bare) wire
All wires
;G4D08 (A)
#What size wire is normally used on a 15-ampere, 120-VAC household lighting circuit?
AWG number 14
AWG number 16
AWG number 18
AWG number 22
;G4D09 (D)
#What size wire is normally used on a 20-ampere, 120-VAC household appliance circuit?
AWG number 12
AWG number 20
AWG number 16
AWG number 14
;G4D10 (D)
#What maximum size fuse or circuit breaker should be used in a household appliance circuit using AWG number 12 wiring?
20 amperes
100 amperes
60 amperes
30 amperes
;G4D11 (A)
#What maximum size fuse or circuit breaker should be used in a household appliance circuit using AWG number 14 wiring?
15 amperes
20 amperes
30 amperes
60 amperes
;G4E RF safety
;G4E01 (A)
#Depending on the wavelength of the signal, the energy density of the RF field, and other factors, in what way can RF energy affect body tissue?
It heats the tissue
It causes radiation poisoning
It causes blood flow to stop
It produces genetic changes in the tissue
;G4E02 (C)
#If you operate your amateur station with indoor antennas, what precautions should you take when you install them?
Locate the antennas as far away as possible from living spaces that will be occupied while you are operating
Locate the antennas close to your operating position to minimize feed-line length
Position the antennas along the edge of a wall where it meets the floor or ceiling to reduce parasitic radiation
Position the antennas parallel to electrical power wires to take advantage of parasitic effects
;G4E03 (A)
#What precaution should you take whenever you make adjustments to the feed system of a parabolic dish antenna?
Be sure no one can activate the transmitter
Disconnect the antenna-positioning mechanism
Point the dish away from the sun so it doesn't concentrate solar energy on you
Be sure you and the antenna structure are properly grounded
;G4E04 (B)
#What is one important thing to consider when using an indoor antenna?
Ensure that the antenna is as far away from people as possible
Use stranded wire to reduce stray RF
Use only a Yagi antenna to direct the signals away from people
Use as much power as possible to ensure that your signal gets out
;G4E05 (A)
#Why should a protective fence be placed around the base of a ground-mounted parabolic dish transmitting antenna?
To reduce the possibility of persons being harmed by RF energy during transmissions
To reduce the possibility that animals will damage the antenna
To increase the property value through increased security awareness
To protect the antenna from lightning damage and provide a good ground system for the installation
;G4E06 (B)
#What RF-safety precautions should you take before beginning repairs on an antenna?
Be sure to turn off the transmitter and disconnect the feed line
Be sure you and the antenna structure are grounded
Inform your neighbors so they are aware of your intentions
Turn off the main power switch in your house
;G4E07 (D)
#What precaution should you take when installing a ground-mounted antenna?
It should be installed so no one can come in contact with it
It should not be installed higher than you can reach
It should not be installed in a wet area
It should be painted so people or animals do not accidentally run into it
;G4E08 (B)
#What precautions should you take before beginning repairs on a microwave feed horn or waveguide?
Be sure the transmitter is turned off and the power source is disconnected
Be sure to wear tight-fitting clothes and gloves to protect your body and hands from sharp edges
Be sure the weather is dry and sunny
Be sure propagation conditions are unfavorable for tropospheric ducting
;G4E09 (D)
#Why should directional high-gain antennas be mounted higher than nearby structures?
So they will not direct RF energy toward people in nearby structures
So they will be dried by the wind after a heavy rain storm
So they will not damage nearby structures with RF energy
So they will receive more sky waves and fewer ground waves
;G4E10 (C)
#For best RF safety, where should the ends and center of a dipole antenna be located?
As high as possible to prevent people from coming in contact with the antenna
Near or over moist ground so RF energy will be radiated away from the ground
As close to the transmitter as possible so RF energy will be concentrated near the transmitter
Close to the ground so simple adjustments can be easily made without climbing a ladder
;G4E11 (B)
#Which property of RF energy is NOT important in estimating the energy's effect on body tissue?
;G5A Impedance, including matching; resistance, including ohm; reactance, inductance, capacitance and metric divisions of these values
;G5A01 (C)
#What is impedance?
The opposition to the flow of AC in a circuit
The electric charge stored by a capacitor
The opposition to the flow of AC in a circuit containing only capacitance
The force of repulsion between one electric field and another with the same charge
;G5A02 (B)
#What is reactance?
Opposition to AC caused by inductors and capacitors
Opposition to DC caused by resistors
A property of ideal resistors in AC circuits
A large spark produced at switch contacts when an inductor is de-energized
;G5A03 (D)
#In an inductor, what causes opposition to the flow of AC?
Reactance
Resistance
Reluctance
Admittance
;G5A04 (C)
#In a capacitor, what causes opposition to the flow of AC?
Reactance
Resistance
Reluctance
Admittance
;G5A05 (D)
#How does a coil react to AC?
As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases
As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases
As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases
As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases
;G5A06 (A)
#How does a capacitor react to AC?
As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases
As the frequency of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases
As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance increases
As the amplitude of the applied AC increases, the reactance decreases
;G5A07 (A)
#When will a power source deliver maximum output to the load?
When the impedance of the load is equal to the impedance of the source
When the load resistance is infinite
When the power-supply fuse rating equals the primary winding current
When air wound transformers are used instead of iron-core transformers
;G5A08 (D)
#What happens when the impedance of an electrical load is equal to the internal impedance of the power source?
The source delivers maximum power to the load
The source delivers minimum power to the load
The electrical load is shorted
No current can flow through the circuit
;G5A09 (A)
#Why is impedance matching important?
So the source can deliver maximum power to the load
So the load will draw minimum power from the source
To ensure that there is less resistance than reactance in the circuit
To ensure that the resistance and reactance in the circuit are equal
;G5A10 (B)
#What unit is used to measure reactance?
Ohm
Mho
Ampere
Siemens
;G5A11 (B)
#What unit is used to measure impedance?
Ohm
Volt
Ampere
Watt
;G5B Decibel, Ohm's Law, current and voltage dividers, electrical power calculations and series and parallel components, transformers (either voltage or impedance), sine wave root-mean-square (RMS) value
;G5B01 (B)
#A two-times increase in power results in a change of how many dB?
3 dB higher
1 dB higher
6 dB higher
12 dB higher
;G5B02 (B)
#How can you decrease your transmitter's power by 3 dB?
Divide the original power by 2
Divide the original power by 1.5
Divide the original power by 3
Divide the original power by 4
;G5B03 (D)
#How can you increase your transmitter's power by 6 dB?
Multiply the original power by 4
Multiply the original power by 1.5
Multiply the original power by 2
Multiply the original power by 3
;G5B04 (C)
#If a signal-strength report is "10 dB over S9", what should the report be if the transmitter power is reduced from 1500 watts to 150 watts?
S9
S5
S7
S9 plus 5 dB
;G5B05 (C)
#If a signal-strength report is "20 dB over S9", what should the report be if the transmitter power is reduced from 1500 watts to 15 watts?
S9
S5
S7
S9 plus 10 dB
;G5B06 (D)
#If a 1.0-ampere current source is connected to two parallel-connected 10-ohm resistors, how much current passes through each resistor?
0.5 ampere
10 amperes
2 amperes
1 ampere
;G5B07 (B)
#In a parallel circuit with a voltage source and several branch resistors, how is the total current related to the current in the branch resistors?
It equals the sum of the branch current through each resistor
It equals the average of the branch current through each resistor
It decreases as more parallel resistors are added to the circuit
It is the sum of each resistor's voltage drop multiplied by the total number of resistors
;G5B08 (B)
#How many watts of electrical power are used if 400 VDC is supplied to an 800-ohm load?
200 watts
0.5 watts
400 watts
320,000 watts
;G5B09 (D)
#How many watts of electrical power are used by a 12-VDC light bulb that draws 0.2 amperes?
2.4 watts
60 watts
24 watts
6 watts
;G5B10 (A)
#How many watts are being dissipated when 7.0 milliamperes flow through 1.25 kilohms?
Approximately 61 milliwatts
Approximately 39 milliwatts
Approximately 11 milliwatts
Approximately 9 milliwatts
;G5B11 (C)
#What is the voltage across a 500-turn secondary winding in a transformer if the 2250-turn primary is connected to 120 VAC?
26.7 volts
2370 volts
540 volts
5.9 volts
;G5B12 (A)
#What is the turns ratio of a transformer to match an audio amplifier having a 600-ohm output impedance to a speaker having a 4-ohm impedance?
12.2 to 1
24.4 to 1
150 to 1
300 to 1
;G5B13 (D)
#What is the impedance of a speaker that requires a transformer with a turns ratio of 24 to 1 to match an audio amplifier having an output impedance of 2000 ohms?
3.5 ohms
576 ohms
83.3 ohms
7.0 ohms
;G5B14 (B)
#A DC voltage equal to what value of an applied sine-wave AC voltage would produce the same amount of heat over time in a resistive element?
The RMS value
The peak-to-peak value
The average value
The peak value
;G5B15 (D)
#What is the peak-to-peak voltage of a sine wave that has an RMS voltage of 120 volts?
339.4 volts
84.8 volts
169.7 volts
204.8 volts
;G5B16 (B)
#A sine wave of 17 volts peak is equivalent to how many volts RMS?
;G7A Power supplies and filters; single-sideband transmitters and receivers
;G7A01 (B)
#What safety feature does a power-supply bleeder resistor provide?
It discharges the filter capacitors
It improves voltage regulation
It removes shock hazards from the induction coils
It eliminates ground-loop current
;G7A02 (A)
#Where is a power-supply bleeder resistor connected?
Across the filter capacitor
Across the power-supply input
Between the transformer primary and secondary windings
Across the inductor in the output filter
;G7A03 (D)
#What components are used in a power-supply filter network?
Capacitors and inductors
Diodes
Transformers and transistors
Quartz crystals
;G7A04 (D)
#What should be the peak-inverse-voltage rating of the rectifier in a full-wave power supply?
Double the normal peak output voltage of the power supply
One-quarter the normal output voltage of the power supply
Half the normal output voltage of the power supply
Equal to the normal output voltage of the power supply
;G7A05 (D)
#What should be the peak-inverse-voltage rating of the rectifier in a half-wave power supply?
One to two times the normal peak output voltage of the power supply
One-quarter to one-half the normal peak output voltage of the power supply
Half the normal output voltage of the power supply
Equal to the normal output voltage of the power supply
;G7A06 (B)
#What should be the impedance of a low-pass filter as compared to the impedance of the transmission line into which it is inserted?
About the same
Substantially higher
Substantially lower
Twice the transmission line impedance
;G7A07 (B)
#In a typical single-sideband phone transmitter, what circuit processes signals from the balanced modulator and sends signals to the mixer?
Filter
Carrier oscillator
IF amplifier
RF amplifier
;G7A08 (D)
#In a single-sideband phone transmitter, what circuit processes signals from the carrier oscillator and the speech amplifier and sends signals to the filter?
Balanced modulator
Mixer
Detector
IF amplifier
;G7A09 (C)
#In a single-sideband phone superheterodyne receiver, what circuit processes signals from the RF amplifier and the local oscillator and sends signals to the IF filter?
Mixer
Balanced modulator
IF amplifier
Detector
;G7A10 (D)
#In a single-sideband phone superheterodyne receiver, what circuit processes signals from the IF amplifier and the BFO and sends signals to the AF amplifier?
Detector
RF oscillator
IF filter
Balanced modulator
;G7A11 (B)
#In a single-sideband phone superheterodyne receiver, what circuit processes signals from the IF filter and sends signals to the detector?
;G8A Signal information, AM, FM, single and double sideband and carrier, bandwidth, modulation envelope, deviation, overmodulation
;G8A01 (D)
#What type of modulation system changes the amplitude of an RF wave for the purpose of conveying information?
Amplitude modulation
Frequency modulation
Phase modulation
Amplitude-rectification modulation
;G8A02 (B)
#What type of modulation system changes the phase of an RF wave for the purpose of conveying information?
Phase modulation
Pulse modulation
Phase-rectification modulation
Amplitude modulation
;G8A03 (D)
#What type of modulation system changes the frequency of an RF wave for the purpose of conveying information?
Frequency modulation
Phase-rectification modulation
Frequency-rectification modulation
Amplitude modulation
;G8A04 (B)
#What emission is produced by a reactance modulator connected to an RF power amplifier?
Phase modulation
Multiplex modulation
Amplitude modulation
Pulse modulation
;G8A05 (D)
#What emission type does the instantaneous amplitude (envelope) of the RF signal vary in accordance with the modulating audio?
Amplitude modulation
Frequency shift keying
Pulse modulation
Frequency modulation
;G8A06 (C)
#How much is the carrier suppressed below peak output power in a single-sideband phone transmission?
At least 40 dB
No more than 20 dB
No more than 30 dB
At least 60 dB
;G8A07 (C)
#What is one advantage of carrier suppression in a double-sideband phone transmission?
More power can be put into the sidebands
Only half the bandwidth is required for the same information content
Greater modulation percentage is obtainable with lower distortion
Simpler equipment can be used to receive a double-sideband suppressed-carrier signal
;G8A08 (A)
#Which popular phone emission uses the narrowest frequency bandwidth?
Single-sideband
Double-sideband
Phase-modulated
Frequency-modulated
;G8A09 (D)
#What happens to the signal of an overmodulated single-sideband or double-sideband phone transmitter?
It becomes distorted and occupies more bandwidth
It becomes louder with no other effects
It occupies less bandwidth with poor high-frequency response
It has higher fidelity and improved signal-to-noise ratio
;G8A10 (B)
#How should the microphone gain control be adjusted on a single-sideband phone transmitter?
For slight movement of the ALC meter on modulation peaks
For full deflection of the ALC meter on modulation peaks
For 100% frequency deviation on modulation peaks
For a dip in plate current
;G8A11 (C)
#What is meant by flattopping in a single-sideband phone transmission?
Signal distortion caused by excessive drive
Signal distortion caused by insufficient collector current
The transmitter's automatic level control is properly adjusted
The transmitter's carrier is properly suppressed
;G8B Frequency mixing, multiplication, bandwidths, HF data communications
;G8B01 (A)
#What receiver stage combines a 14.25-MHz input signal with a 13.795-MHz oscillator signal to produce a 455-kHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal?
Mixer
BFO
VFO
Multiplier
;G8B02 (B)
#If a receiver mixes a 13.800-MHz VFO with a 14.255-MHz received signal to produce a 455-kHz intermediate frequency (IF) signal, what type of interference will a 13.345-MHz signal produce in the receiver?
Image response
Local oscillator
Mixer interference
Intermediate interference
;G8B03 (A)
#What stage in a transmitter would change a 5.3-MHz input signal to 14.3 MHz?
A mixer
A beat frequency oscillator
A frequency multiplier
A linear translator
;G8B04 (D)
#What is the name of the stage in a VHF FM transmitter that selects a harmonic of an HF signal to reach the desired operating frequency?
Multiplier
Mixer
Reactance modulator
Preemphasis network
;G8B05 (C)
#Why isn't frequency modulated (FM) phone used below 29.5 MHz?
The bandwidth would exceed FCC limits
The transmitter efficiency for this mode is low
Harmonics could not be attenuated to practical levels
The frequency stability would not be adequate
;G8B06 (D)
#What is the total bandwidth of an FM-phone transmission having a 5-kHz deviation and a 3-kHz modulating frequency?
16 kHz
3 kHz
5 kHz
8 kHz
;G8B07 (B)
#What is the frequency deviation for a 12.21-MHz reactance-modulated oscillator in a 5-kHz deviation, 146.52-MHz FM-phone transmitter?
416.7 Hz
41.67 Hz
5 kHz
12 kHz
;G8B08 (C)
#How is frequency shift related to keying speed in an FSK signal?
Greater keying speeds require greater frequency shifts
The frequency shift in hertz must be at least four times the keying speed in WPM
The frequency shift must not exceed 15 Hz per WPM of keying speed
Greater keying speeds require smaller frequency shifts
;G8B09 (B)
#What do RTTY, Morse code, AMTOR and packet communications have in common?
They are digital communications
They are multipath communications
They are analog communications
They are only for emergency communications
;G8B10 (C)
#What is the duty cycle required of a transmitter when sending Mode B (FEC) AMTOR?
100%
50%
75%
125%
;G8B11 (D)
#In what segment of the 20-meter band are most AMTOR operations found?
At the bottom of the RTTY segment, near 14.075 MHz
At the bottom of the slow-scan TV segment, near 14.230 MHz
At the top of the SSB phone segment, near 14.325 MHz
;G9A Yagi antennas - physical dimensions, impedance matching radiation patterns, directivity and major lobes
;G9A01 (A)
#How can the SWR bandwidth of a parasitic beam antenna be increased?
Use larger diameter elements
Use closer element spacing
Use traps on the elements
Use tapered-diameter elements
;G9A02 (B)
#Approximately how long is the driven element of a Yagi antenna for 14.0 MHz?
33 feet
17 feet
35 feet
66 feet
;G9A03 (B)
#Approximately how long is the director element of a Yagi antenna for 21.1 MHz?
21 feet
42 feet
17 feet
10.5 feet
;G9A04 (C)
#Approximately how long is the reflector element of a Yagi antenna for 28.1 MHz?
17.5 feet
8.75 feet
16.6 feet
35 feet
;G9A05 (B)
#Which statement about a three-element Yagi antenna is true?
The director is normally the shortest parasitic element
The reflector is normally the shortest parasitic element
The driven element is the longest parasitic element
Low feed-point impedance increases bandwidth
;G9A06 (A)
#What is one effect of increasing the boom length and adding directors to a Yagi antenna?
Gain increases
SWR increases
Weight decreases
Windload decreases
;G9A07 (D)
#What are some advantages of a Yagi with wide element spacing?
High gain, less critical tuning and wider bandwidth
High gain, lower loss and a low SWR
High front-to-back ratio and lower input resistance
Shorter boom length, lower weight and wind resistance
;G9A08 (C)
#Why is a Yagi antenna often used for radio communications on the 20-meter band?
It helps reduce interference from other stations off to the side or behind
It provides excellent omnidirectional coverage in the horizontal plane
It is smaller, less expensive and easier to erect than a dipole or vertical antenna
It provides the highest possible angle of radiation for the HF bands
;G9A09 (C)
#What does "antenna front-to-back ratio" mean in reference to a Yagi antenna?
The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the power radiated in exactly the opposite direction
The number of directors versus the number of reflectors
The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors
The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the power radiated 90 degrees away from that direction
;G9A10 (C)
#What is the "main lobe" of a Yagi antenna radiation pattern?
The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna
The direction of least radiation from the antenna
The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element
The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element
;G9A11 (A)
#What is a good way to get maximum performance from a Yagi antenna?
Optimize the lengths and spacing of the elements
Use RG-58 feed line
Use a reactance bridge to measure the antenna performance from each direction around the antenna
Avoid using towers higher than 30 feet above the ground
;G9B Loop antennas - physical dimensions, impedance matching, radiation patterns, directivity and major lobes
;G9B01 (B)
#Approximately how long is each side of a cubical-quad antenna driven element for 21.4 MHz?
11.7 feet
1.17 feet
47 feet
469 feet
;G9B02 (A)
#Approximately how long is each side of a cubical-quad antenna driven element for 14.3 MHz?
17.6 feet
23.4 feet
70.3 feet
175 feet
;G9B03 (B)
#Approximately how long is each side of a cubical-quad antenna reflector element for 29.6 MHz?
8.7 feet
8.23 feet
9.7 feet
34.8 feet
;G9B04 (B)
#Approximately how long is each leg of a symmetrical delta-loop antenna driven element for 28.7 MHz?
11.7 feet
8.75 feet
23.4 feet
35 feet
;G9B05 (C)
#Approximately how long is each leg of a symmetrical delta-loop antenna driven element for 24.9 MHz?
13.45 feet
10.99 feet
12.95 feet
40.36 feet
;G9B06 (C)
#Approximately how long is each leg of a symmetrical delta-loop antenna reflector element for 14.1 MHz?
24.35 feet
18.26 feet
23.76 feet
73.05 feet
;G9B07 (A)
#Which statement about two-element delta loops and quad antennas is true?
They compare favorably with a three-element Yagi
They perform poorly above HF
They perform very well only at HF
They are effective only when constructed using insulated wire
;G9B08 (C)
#Compared to a dipole antenna, what are the directional radiation characteristics of a cubical-quad antenna?
The quad has more directivity in both horizontal and vertical planes
The quad has more directivity in the horizontal plane but less directivity in the vertical plane
The quad has less directivity in the horizontal plane but more directivity in the vertical plane
The quad has less directivity in both horizontal and vertical planes
;G9B09 (D)
#Moving the feed point of a multielement quad antenna from a side parallel to the ground to a side perpendicular to the ground will have what effect?
It will change the antenna polarization from horizontal to vertical
It will significantly increase the antenna feed-point impedance
It will significantly decrease the antenna feed-point impedance
It will change the antenna polarization from vertical to horizontal
;G9B10 (C)
#What does the term "antenna front-to-back ratio" mean in reference to a delta-loop antenna?
The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the power radiated in exactly the opposite direction
The number of directors versus the number of reflectors
The relative position of the driven element with respect to the reflectors and directors
The power radiated in the major radiation lobe compared to the power radiated 90 degrees away from that direction
;G9B11 (C)
#What is the "main lobe" of a delta-loop antenna radiation pattern?
The direction of maximum radiated field strength from the antenna
The direction of least radiation from an antenna
The point of maximum current in a radiating antenna element
The maximum voltage standing wave point on a radiating element
;G9C Random wire antennas - physical dimensions, impedance matching, radiation patterns, directivity and major lobes; feedpoint impedance of 1/2-wavelength dipole and 1/4-wavelength vertical antennas
;G9C01 (A)
#What type of multiband transmitting antenna does NOT require a feed line?
A random-wire antenna
A triband Yagi antenna
A delta-loop antenna
A Beverage antenna
;G9C02 (D)
#What is one advantage of using a random-wire antenna?
It is a multiband antenna
It is more efficient than any other kind of antenna
It will keep RF energy out of your station
It doesn't need an impedance matching network
;G9C03 (B)
#What is one disadvantage of a random-wire antenna?
You may experience RF feedback in your station
It must be longer than 1 wavelength
It usually produces vertically polarized radiation
You must use an inverted-T matching network for multiband operation
;G9C04 (D)
#What is an advantage of downward sloping radials on a ground-plane antenna?
It brings the feed-point impedance closer to 50 ohms
It lowers the radiation angle
It brings the feed-point impedance closer to 300 ohms
It increases the radiation angle
;G9C05 (B)
#What happens to the feed-point impedance of a ground-plane antenna when its radials are changed from horizontal to downward-sloping?
It increases
It decreases
It stays the same
It approaches zero
;G9C06 (A)
#What is the low-angle radiation pattern of an ideal half-wavelength dipole HF antenna installed parallel to the earth?
It is a figure-eight at right angles to the antenna
It is a figure-eight off both ends of the antenna
It is a circle (equal radiation in all directions)
It is two smaller lobes on one side of the antenna, and one larger lobe on the other side
;G9C07 (B)
#How does antenna height affect the horizontal (azimuthal) radiation pattern of a horizontal dipole HF antenna?
If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, reflected radio waves from the ground significantly distort the pattern
If the antenna is too high, the pattern becomes unpredictable
Antenna height has no effect on the pattern
If the antenna is less than one-half wavelength high, radiation off the ends of the wire is eliminated
;G9C08 (D)
#If a slightly shorter parasitic element is placed 0.1 wavelength away from an HF dipole antenna, what effect will this have on the antenna's radiation pattern?
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, toward the parasitic element
The radiation pattern will not be affected
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, parallel to the two elements
A major lobe will develop in the vertical plane, away from the ground
;G9C09 (B)
#If a slightly longer parasitic element is placed 0.1 wavelength away from an HF dipole antenna, what effect will this have on the antenna's radiation pattern?
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, away from the parasitic element, toward the dipole
The radiation pattern will not be affected
A major lobe will develop in the vertical plane, away from the ground
A major lobe will develop in the horizontal plane, parallel to the two elements
;G9C10 (B)
#Where should the radial wires of a ground-mounted vertical antenna system be placed?
On the surface or buried a few inches below the ground
As high as possible above the ground
Parallel to the antenna element
At the top of the antenna
;*** We (ARRL) Recommend - Do Not Use The Following Question ***
;G9C11 (D)
#If you are transmitting from a ground-mounted vertical antenna, which of the following is an important reason for people to stay away from it?
To avoid exposure to RF radiation
To avoid skewing the radiation pattern
To avoid changes to the antenna feed-point impedance
To avoid excessive grid current
;******************************************
;G9D Popular antenna feed lines - characteristic impedance and impedance matching; SWR calculations
;G9D01 (A)
#What factors determine the characteristic impedance of a parallel-conductor antenna feed line?
The distance between the centers of the conductors and the radius of the conductors
The distance between the centers of the conductors and the length of the line
The radius of the conductors and the frequency of the signal
The frequency of the signal and the length of the line
;G9D02 (B)
#What is the typical characteristic impedance of coaxial cables used for antenna feed lines at amateur stations?
50 and 75 ohms
25 and 30 ohms
80 and 100 ohms
500 and 750 ohms
;G9D03 (D)
#What is the characteristic impedance of flat-ribbon TV-type twinlead?
300 ohms
50 ohms
75 ohms
100 ohms
;G9D04 (C)
#What is the typical cause of power being reflected back down an antenna feed line?
A difference between feed-line impedance and antenna feed-point impedance
Operating an antenna at its resonant frequency
Using more transmitter power than the antenna can handle
Feeding the antenna with unbalanced feed line
;G9D05 (D)
#What must be done to prevent standing waves of voltage and current on an antenna feed line?
The antenna feed-point impedance must be matched to the characteristic impedance of the feed line
The antenna feed point must be at DC ground potential
The feed line must be cut to an odd number of electrical quarter-wavelengths long
The feed line must be cut to an even number of physical half-wavelengths long
;G9D06 (C)
#If a center-fed dipole antenna is fed by parallel-conductor feed line, how would an inductively coupled matching network be used between the two?
It would be used to match the unbalanced transmitter output to the balanced parallel-conductor feed line
It would not normally be used with parallel-conductor feed lines
It would be used to increase the SWR to an acceptable level
It would be used at the antenna feed point to tune out the radiation resistance
;G9D07 (A)
#If a 160-meter signal and a 2-meter signal pass through the same coaxial cable, how will the attenuation of the two signals compare?
It will be greater at 2 meters
It will be less at 2 meters
It will be the same at both frequencies
It will depend on the emission type in use
;G9D08 (D)
#In what values are RF feed line losses usually expressed?
dB/100 ft
Bels/1000 ft
dB/1000 ft
Bels/100 ft
;G9D09 (A)
#What standing-wave-ratio will result from the connection of a 50-ohm feed line to a resonant antenna having a 200-ohm feed-point impedance?
4:1
1:4
2:1
1:2
;G9D10 (D)
#What standing-wave-ratio will result from the connection of a 50-ohm feed line to a resonant antenna having a 10-ohm feed-point impedance?
5:1
2:1
50:1
1:5
;G9D11 (D)
#What standing-wave-ratio will result from the connection of a 50-ohm feed line to a resonant antenna having a 50-ohm feed-point impedance?
